Flow-regulated extractions
How flow-regulated espresso extractions differ from pressure-based methods, and how they influence consistency, puck integrity, and flavor.
Espresso shot styles & profilings
Declining vs flat pressure profiles
The differences between declining and flat pressure profiles in espresso, and how they influence extraction dynamics and flavor outcomes.
Preinfusion timing and pressure
How preinfusion timing and pressure influence espresso extraction, flow dynamics, and final cup quality.
Allonge and turbo shot concepts
Two modern espresso styles—allongé and turbo shot—their brewing parameters, taste profiles, and why baristas experiment with them.
Ristretto, normale, lungo targets
The differences between ristretto, normale, and lungo espresso shots, including their target brew ratios, extraction styles, and flavor outcomes.
Traditional Italian vs modern light roast espresso
The key differences between traditional Italian espresso and modern light roast espresso, including roast profiles, extraction parameters, and sensory outcomes.