Waste management and composting
How waste is generated across the coffee supply chain, strategies for managing it responsibly, and the role of composting in circular sustainability.
Sustainability & ethics
Water and energy footprints
The water and energy demands across the coffee supply chain, how they are measured, and strategies to reduce their environmental footprint.
Climate change adaptation on farms
How coffee farmers are adapting to climate change through agricultural practices, crop diversification, and resilience strategies.
Living income benchmarks
What living income benchmarks mean in the coffee sector, how they are calculated, and why they matter for farmer sustainability and ethical sourcing.
Direct trade and relationship coffee
The concept of direct trade and relationship coffee, how it differs from certifications, and its role in building sustainable supply chains.
Fairtrade, Organic, Rainforest Alliance, UTZ
The major coffee certification schemes—Fairtrade, Organic, Rainforest Alliance, and UTZ—their goals, standards, and impact on farmers, the environment, and consumers.