Bed depth and hydraulic resistance
How coffee bed depth influences hydraulic resistance in espresso and filter brewing, shaping flow rates, extraction uniformity, and flavor balance.
Balanced extraction
Immersion cold brew variables
The key variables that affect immersion cold brew—grind, ratio, time, and temperature—and how they influence flavor and strength.
Basket design and hole patterns
How espresso basket design and hole patterns affect puck resistance, flow, and flavor consistency.
Sensory calibration for espresso
How baristas and tasters align their sensory perception of espresso to ensure consistent evaluation and recipe adjustments.
Taste balance framework
How to evaluate and adjust espresso using a taste balance framework that links flavor perception to extraction variables.
Bed depth and flow stability
How the depth of the coffee bed in filter brewing impacts flow stability, extraction balance, and flavor outcome.