Common failure modes
The most frequent causes of failed espresso shots, how to recognize them, and how to correct them quickly.
Bitter hollow
Taste balance framework
How to evaluate and adjust espresso using a taste balance framework that links flavor perception to extraction variables.
Shot time vs flow profiling
The relationship between shot time, flow rate, and pressure profiling, and how they shape espresso extraction and flavor.
Iterative dialing-in workflow
A systematic approach to refining brew parameters step by step until the desired flavor balance is achieved.
Extraction yield and beverage strength
How the amount of coffee extracted relates to the final beverage strength and flavor.