Thermometers and probe placement
How to correctly use thermometers and position probes for reliable temperature control in coffee brewing and roasting.
Brewing water
pH, TDS, and conductivity
Understand how pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and conductivity affect coffee extraction and flavor.
Carbonate system and buffering
Explore how the carbonate system contributes to water's buffering capacity and its impact on coffee extraction.
Total hardness vs alkalinity
Understand the difference between total hardness and alkalinity, and how each affects extraction and flavor in coffee brewing.