Puck compressibility and porosity
How the compressibility and porosity of an espresso puck influence flow resistance, extraction uniformity, and cup quality.
Coffee bed
Channeling detection and mitigation
How to detect espresso channeling, understand its causes, and apply puck preparation techniques to prevent it.
Distribution methods (stockfleth, OCD tools)
The most common espresso distribution techniques—manual methods like Stockfleth’s move and mechanical tools like OCD—and how they influence puck uniformity.
Declumping and WDT tools
How declumping and Weiss Distribution Technique (WDT) tools improve puck preparation, reduce channeling, and enhance espresso consistency.
Headspace and puck depth
How headspace and puck depth in the portafilter affect flow dynamics, extraction uniformity, and flavor in espresso.
Advanced agitation techniques
How different agitation methods influence extraction uniformity, clarity, and body in filter brewing.