Industrialization and the rise of espresso culture
This topic explains how the industrial revolution transformed coffee production, distribution, and preparation, and how Italy pioneered espresso culture that reshaped the modern coffee experience.
This topic explains how the industrial revolution transformed coffee production, distribution, and preparation, and how Italy pioneered espresso culture that reshaped the modern coffee experience.
In this topic we trace how coffee moved from Ethiopia across the Red Sea into Yemen, why Sufi communities adopted it, and how Yemen’s ports and pilgrim networks transformed a local devotional drink into a global commodity.