Basket geometry and flow
How basket geometry—diameter, depth, and hole pattern—affects espresso flow dynamics, extraction balance, and flavor outcomes.
Consistent extraction
Temperature stability considerations
How temperature stability during immersion and hybrid brewing affects extraction consistency and flavor clarity.
Thermometers and probe placement
How to correctly use thermometers and position probes for reliable temperature control in coffee brewing and roasting.
Darcy-style intuition for flow in beds
How to conceptualize water flow through coffee grounds using principles inspired by Darcy’s Law, connecting pressure, resistance, and flow rate.
Agitation, turbulence, and channeling
How movement of water through coffee grounds affects extraction uniformity, flavor, and potential defects.
pH, TDS, and conductivity
Understand how pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and conductivity affect coffee extraction and flavor.