Dark roasts

Taste mapping by profile style

Taste mapping by profile style

How different espresso profile styles—pressure, flow, and temperature manipulations—map to sensory outcomes in the cup.

Temperature profiling and surfing

Temperature profiling and surfing

How temperature profiling and temperature surfing influence espresso extraction, especially across roast levels and machine types.

Declining vs flat pressure profiles

Declining vs flat pressure profiles

The differences between declining and flat pressure profiles in espresso, and how they influence extraction dynamics and flavor outcomes.

Pressure and flow profiling curves

Pressure and flow profiling curves

How pressure and flow profiling curves influence espresso extraction, and how baristas and researchers use them to optimize flavor and consistency.

Aftertaste and finish evaluation

Aftertaste and finish evaluation

How to evaluate aftertaste (finish) in coffee, what factors influence its quality, and how it contributes to overall sensory experience.

Sweetness perception and roast effects

Sweetness perception and roast effects

How sweetness in coffee is perceived, what compounds contribute to it, and how roast development influences sweetness expression.