Dark roasts

Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation

Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation

This topic explains the three mechanisms of heat transfer—conduction, convection, and radiation—in coffee roasting, how they interact, and their influence on bean development and flavor outcomes.

Alkaloids: caffeine and trigonelline

Alkaloids: caffeine and trigonelline

This topic explains the main alkaloids in green coffee—caffeine and trigonelline—their roles in plant defense, human perception, and how they transform during roasting.