Essential gear and upgrade path
The core equipment every home coffee brewer should start with, and a suggested upgrade path for improving quality and consistency over time.
Flavor clarity
Competition standards for milk drinks
The rules and expectations for milk-based espresso drinks in barista competitions, and how they influence café standards.
Saturated vs semi-saturated groups
The differences between saturated and semi-saturated espresso group designs, and how they influence thermal stability and consistency.
Cleaning between shots
How cleaning practices between espresso shots maintain flavor clarity, machine performance, and puck consistency.
Grind size effects on flow
How grind particle size influences water flow, extraction efficiency, and flavor balance in brewed coffee.
Water’s effect on flavor balance
How the mineral composition and chemistry of water influence the extraction and taste profile of brewed coffee.