Discover pre-industrial coffee brewing methods including cloth filter coffee, simple pot brewing, and direct immersion techniques. Learn how ancient coffee preparation tools laid the foundation for modern brewing innovations.
The two main industrial methods for producing instant coffee—spray drying and freeze drying—and how they differ in process, cost, and flavor preservation.
How the physical properties of coffee filters affect water flow, extraction, and cup quality.
This topic explores how coffee beans change color during roasting and the role of caramelization in flavor development.
This topic explains the main alkaloids in green coffee—caffeine and trigonelline—their roles in plant defense, human perception, and how they transform during roasting.
This topic explains the major chemical components of green coffee—carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids—their roles in green coffee stability, and their transformation during roasting.