Paper puck filters and channel control
How paper puck filters influence espresso extraction, reduce channeling, and affect clarity and mouthfeel.
Flavor impacts
Basket geometry and flow
How basket geometry—diameter, depth, and hole pattern—affects espresso flow dynamics, extraction balance, and flavor outcomes.
Preinfusion timing and pressure
How preinfusion timing and pressure influence espresso extraction, flow dynamics, and final cup quality.
Flow profiling and needle valves
How flow profiling and needle valve systems give baristas precise control over water delivery and extraction dynamics in espresso machines.
Pressure profiling hardware
How different espresso machine hardware designs enable pressure profiling, and how this impacts extraction control.
Shot time vs flow profiling
The relationship between shot time, flow rate, and pressure profiling, and how they shape espresso extraction and flavor.