Basket geometry and flow
How basket geometry—diameter, depth, and hole pattern—affects espresso flow dynamics, extraction balance, and flavor outcomes.
Flow higher
Bed depth and hydraulic resistance
How coffee bed depth influences hydraulic resistance in espresso and filter brewing, shaping flow rates, extraction uniformity, and flavor balance.
Fines migration and flow restriction
How fines migration—the movement of tiny coffee particles during extraction—affects flow restriction, channeling, and cup quality.
Body, viscosity, and colloids
How body in coffee is perceived, the role of viscosity and colloidal particles, and how processing and brewing influence tactile sensations.
Shot time vs flow profiling
The relationship between shot time, flow rate, and pressure profiling, and how they shape espresso extraction and flavor.
Headspace and puck depth
How headspace and puck depth in the portafilter affect flow dynamics, extraction uniformity, and flavor in espresso.