Boiler scale prevention and water path
How scale forms in espresso machine boilers, the water path it follows, and strategies to prevent buildup and maintain performance.
Hardness alkalinity
Consistency across locations
Why maintaining consistent water chemistry is critical when brewing coffee in multiple cafes or regions.
Langelier and Ryznar indices basics
Understanding water stability indices and how they predict scaling or corrosion tendencies in coffee equipment.
Testing kits and titration
How to monitor and verify water composition for coffee using practical testing methods.
Scaling vs etching in boilers
Understand the difference between scaling and etching in espresso boilers and how water chemistry affects them.
Total hardness vs alkalinity
Understand the difference between total hardness and alkalinity, and how each affects extraction and flavor in coffee brewing.