Paper puck filters and channel control
How paper puck filters influence espresso extraction, reduce channeling, and affect clarity and mouthfeel.
High pressure
Preinfusion timing and pressure
How preinfusion timing and pressure influence espresso extraction, flow dynamics, and final cup quality.
Calibration for espresso vs filter
How to calibrate a grinder for espresso versus filter coffee, and why the grind requirements differ between methods.
Osmotic vs diffusive extraction
The difference between osmotic and diffusive extraction in coffee brewing, and how these mechanisms explain solute movement from grounds into water.
Supercritical CO2 decaf
How the supercritical CO₂ process removes caffeine from green coffee beans using pressurized carbon dioxide, balancing efficiency and flavor preservation.
Definition and brew parameters
The definition of espresso and the key parameters that govern its preparation.