Heat loss and compensation
How heat loss during brewing affects extraction, and what compensation strategies brewers can use to maintain consistency and flavor balance.
Maintain stable
Pressure and flow profiling curves
How pressure and flow profiling curves influence espresso extraction, and how baristas and researchers use them to optimize flavor and consistency.
Manometers and flow meters
The roles of manometers and flow meters in espresso machines, how they function, and how baristas can use their readings to monitor extraction.
Temperature stability considerations
How temperature stability during immersion and hybrid brewing affects extraction consistency and flavor clarity.
Batch brewers and SCA standards
How modern batch brewers function and how SCA standards guide consistency and quality in automatic drip brewing.
Grassy/woody notes from age or process
Identify why grassy or woody flavors appear in coffee and how processing or storage choices contribute.