Boiler scale prevention and water path
How scale forms in espresso machine boilers, the water path it follows, and strategies to prevent buildup and maintain performance.
Prevention strategies
Bean fracture and chipping
Recognize the causes and prevention methods for fractured or chipped coffee beans during and after roasting.
Scorching and tipping causes
Understand why scorching and tipping occur during roasting and how to prevent them.
Oxidation and staling pathways
This topic explains how oxidation and staling occur in green coffee, the chemical pathways involved, and their impact on flavor, quality, and shelf life.
Risk of over-fermentation
This topic explains why honey and pulped natural processes carry risks of over-fermentation, the conditions that cause it, and how producers manage these risks to protect cup quality.