Temperature profiling and surfing
How temperature profiling and temperature surfing influence espresso extraction, especially across roast levels and machine types.
Profiling definition
Pressure and flow profiling curves
How pressure and flow profiling curves influence espresso extraction, and how baristas and researchers use them to optimize flavor and consistency.
Flow profiling and needle valves
How flow profiling and needle valve systems give baristas precise control over water delivery and extraction dynamics in espresso machines.
Pressure profiling hardware
How different espresso machine hardware designs enable pressure profiling, and how this impacts extraction control.
Shot time vs flow profiling
The relationship between shot time, flow rate, and pressure profiling, and how they shape espresso extraction and flavor.