Paper puck filters and channel control
How paper puck filters influence espresso extraction, reduce channeling, and affect clarity and mouthfeel.
Reduced bitterness
Flow-regulated extractions
How flow-regulated espresso extractions differ from pressure-based methods, and how they influence consistency, puck integrity, and flavor.
Sweetness perception and roast effects
How sweetness in coffee is perceived, what compounds contribute to it, and how roast development influences sweetness expression.
Immersion cold brew variables
The key variables that affect immersion cold brew—grind, ratio, time, and temperature—and how they influence flavor and strength.
Brew ratios: ristretto, normale, lungo
The differences between ristretto, normale, and lungo espresso shots, and how brew ratio shapes flavor and strength.
Contact time and temperature
How brewing time and water temperature influence extraction, flavor balance, and beverage quality.