Roasts benefit

Temperature profiling and surfing

Temperature profiling and surfing

How temperature profiling and temperature surfing influence espresso extraction, especially across roast levels and machine types.

Pressure and flow profiling curves

Pressure and flow profiling curves

How pressure and flow profiling curves influence espresso extraction, and how baristas and researchers use them to optimize flavor and consistency.

Contact time and temperature

Contact time and temperature

How brewing time and water temperature influence extraction, flavor balance, and beverage quality.