Common repairs and diagnostics
The most frequent espresso machine repair issues, how to diagnose them, and best practices for resolving them safely.
Scale buildup
Descaling protocols and risks
How descaling works in espresso machines, when to apply it, and the potential risks if done incorrectly.
Flow profiling and needle valves
How flow profiling and needle valve systems give baristas precise control over water delivery and extraction dynamics in espresso machines.
SCA water quality targets
Understand the Specialty Coffee Association’s recommended water parameters for optimal extraction and flavor balance.
Total hardness vs alkalinity
Understand the difference between total hardness and alkalinity, and how each affects extraction and flavor in coffee brewing.