Basket geometry and flow
How basket geometry—diameter, depth, and hole pattern—affects espresso flow dynamics, extraction balance, and flavor outcomes.
Size dose
Iterative optimization process
How to use an iterative optimization process to refine coffee recipes through systematic adjustments, measurements, and sensory feedback.
Bed depth and hydraulic resistance
How coffee bed depth influences hydraulic resistance in espresso and filter brewing, shaping flow rates, extraction uniformity, and flavor balance.
Basket design and hole patterns
How espresso basket design and hole patterns affect puck resistance, flow, and flavor consistency.
Headspace and puck depth
How headspace and puck depth in the portafilter affect flow dynamics, extraction uniformity, and flavor in espresso.