Basket geometry and flow
How basket geometry—diameter, depth, and hole pattern—affects espresso flow dynamics, extraction balance, and flavor outcomes.
Slower flow
Sensor fusion: TDS + flow + temp
How sensor fusion—combining TDS, flow, and temperature data—provides deeper insight into extraction dynamics and quality control in coffee brewing.
Filter paper properties and effects
How filter paper properties—thickness, porosity, material, and treatments—affect flow, clarity, and flavor in brewed coffee.
Bed depth and hydraulic resistance
How coffee bed depth influences hydraulic resistance in espresso and filter brewing, shaping flow rates, extraction uniformity, and flavor balance.
Cold drip towers and flow control
How cold drip towers work, the role of flow control in extraction, and how they differ from immersion cold brew methods.
Headspace and puck depth
How headspace and puck depth in the portafilter affect flow dynamics, extraction uniformity, and flavor in espresso.