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Specialty coffee
Paper puck filters and channel control
How paper puck filters influence espresso extraction, reduce channeling, and affect clarity and mouthfeel.
Taste mapping by profile style
How different espresso profile styles—pressure, flow, and temperature manipulations—map to sensory outcomes in the cup.
Allonge and turbo shot concepts
Two modern espresso styles—allongé and turbo shot—their brewing parameters, taste profiles, and why baristas experiment with them.
Ristretto, normale, lungo targets
The differences between ristretto, normale, and lungo espresso shots, including their target brew ratios, extraction styles, and flavor outcomes.
Golden cup standards and targets
The Golden Cup Standard, how it defines ideal coffee strength and extraction yield, and how to use it as a brewing target.