Explore the complex relationship between colonialism and coffee production. Learn how European colonial powers established coffee plantations, controlled trade routes, and created lasting impacts on coffee-producing regions that persist today.
The major coffee certification schemes—Fairtrade, Organic, Rainforest Alliance, and UTZ—their goals, standards, and impact on farmers, the environment, and consumers.
Optimize roasting operations to reduce energy consumption, lower costs, and minimize environmental impact.
This topic covers the principles of labor management and worker safety in coffee farming, including recruitment, fair practices, health protection, and compliance with ethical and legal standards.
This topic explores the main soil types suitable for coffee cultivation, how soil fertility influences plant health and cup quality, and the management practices farmers use to sustain productive soils.
This topic explores how rainfall distribution and dry seasons affect coffee flowering, fruit development, and harvest cycles, and why water availability is critical to both yield and quality.