Taste balance framework
How to evaluate and adjust espresso using a taste balance framework that links flavor perception to extraction variables.
Sweetness acidity
Pressure, temperature, and flow
How pressure, temperature, and flow interact to control espresso extraction and flavor balance.
Brew ratios: ristretto, normale, lungo
The differences between ristretto, normale, and lungo espresso shots, and how brew ratio shapes flavor and strength.
Definition and brew parameters
The definition of espresso and the key parameters that govern its preparation.
Competition-style immersion brews
How barista competitors design immersion and hybrid brewing recipes to maximize clarity, sweetness, and complexity on stage.
Temperature stability considerations
How temperature stability during immersion and hybrid brewing affects extraction consistency and flavor clarity.