Consistency under rush conditions
How to maintain espresso shot consistency during peak service hours, balancing speed, workflow, and quality.
Tamping pressure
Puck compressibility and porosity
How the compressibility and porosity of an espresso puck influence flow resistance, extraction uniformity, and cup quality.
Consistency across baristas
How to maintain espresso consistency across different baristas by standardizing workflow, training, and communication.
Headspace and puck depth
How headspace and puck depth in the portafilter affect flow dynamics, extraction uniformity, and flavor in espresso.
Corrective action plans
How to design and implement corrective action plans (CAPs) to address quality deviations and prevent recurrence in coffee production and brewing.
Modeling puck resistance over time
How the resistance of a coffee puck evolves during the brewing process, influencing flow rate and extraction dynamics.