Basket geometry and flow
How basket geometry—diameter, depth, and hole pattern—affects espresso flow dynamics, extraction balance, and flavor outcomes.
Uneven flow
Allonge and turbo shot concepts
Two modern espresso styles—allongé and turbo shot—their brewing parameters, taste profiles, and why baristas experiment with them.
Sensor fusion: TDS + flow + temp
How sensor fusion—combining TDS, flow, and temperature data—provides deeper insight into extraction dynamics and quality control in coffee brewing.
Bed depth and hydraulic resistance
How coffee bed depth influences hydraulic resistance in espresso and filter brewing, shaping flow rates, extraction uniformity, and flavor balance.
Fines migration and flow restriction
How fines migration—the movement of tiny coffee particles during extraction—affects flow restriction, channeling, and cup quality.
Headspace measurement and consistency
Why measuring and maintaining consistent puck headspace is crucial for even extractions and how to achieve it reliably.