Basket geometry and flow
How basket geometry—diameter, depth, and hole pattern—affects espresso flow dynamics, extraction balance, and flavor outcomes.
Water flow
Flow-regulated extractions
How flow-regulated espresso extractions differ from pressure-based methods, and how they influence consistency, puck integrity, and flavor.
Pressure and flow profiling curves
How pressure and flow profiling curves influence espresso extraction, and how baristas and researchers use them to optimize flavor and consistency.
Fines migration and flow restriction
How fines migration—the movement of tiny coffee particles during extraction—affects flow restriction, channeling, and cup quality.
Puck compressibility and porosity
How the compressibility and porosity of an espresso puck influence flow resistance, extraction uniformity, and cup quality.
Common repairs and diagnostics
The most frequent espresso machine repair issues, how to diagnose them, and best practices for resolving them safely.