Pacamara and Pacas traits
This topic explores the Pacas and Pacamara coffee varieties, their origins in El Salvador, their distinctive traits, and their importance in specialty coffee cultivation.
Yield quality
Yield vs quality trade-offs
This topic explains the natural and management-driven trade-offs between maximizing coffee yield and achieving high cup quality, and why farmers, buyers, and consumers must balance these competing priorities.
Water relations and drought tolerance
This topic explores how coffee plants manage water, how drought affects their physiology and productivity, and the strategies farmers use to improve resilience in water-limited environments.
Photosynthesis, shade response, and stress
This topic explores how coffee plants capture energy through photosynthesis, how they respond to shade versus direct sunlight, and how environmental stress affects their growth, yield, and cup quality.
Phenology: flowering, fruit set, maturation
This topic explains the phenological cycle of the coffee plant—how it flowers, sets fruit, and matures—and why these stages are critical for yield, quality, and farm management.